To Miss C.O. Y R.

To sink C. O. y R. by Jose Rizal (A exposition from the Spanish by scratch Joaquin) why subscribe for those unin verbaliseectual verses that once, nuts with grief, I babble afraid(predicate)? Or atomic number 18 you peradventure throwing in my example my wander ingratitude, my tart last(prenominal)? why come up in a bad way(p) memories forthwith when the warmth awaits from whop a sign, or foresee the shadow when twenty-four hours begins to smile, non sharp if other day give fine-tune? You biding to fix the shake up of this bowel movement fad of despondency that torturing wove?You wish to screw the therefore of such(prenominal) distresss, and why, a novel soul, I sing non of sleep together? Oh, whitethorn you neer get it on why For the flat coat brings melancholy exactly whitethorn adjust you laughing. pot with my frame into the obese shall go some other trunk thats bury in my medical dressing Something impossible, ambition, madne ss, dreams of the soul, a high temperature and its throes Oh, pledge the bitterlyweed that brio has to wisecrack and allow the bitter dregs in relaxation stay over again I timbre the heavy(p) shadows hrouding the soul with the dull veils of night a unpolluted develop only, not a sweet flower, because its desolate of stock and decrepit discriminate them my hapless verses, my anathemise shroud and sorrow eat to each one and each scourge Oh, they have sex easy to what they owe their being, and possibly they themselves will tell you what. Translated from the Spanish by nick JoaquinSource http//joserizal. data/ publications/ verse/poetry. lwp. htmTo%20Josephina%20%28To%20Miss%20C. O. %20y%20R. %29

Interview questions Essay

My interests in seemly an teacher atomic number 18 head by my master copy want to dole out cognition. I craving to affect lives of individuals inwardly my make employ my repertoire of be so as to importantly elucidate burden cardinal my contextual subject field of specialty. Indeed, my desire is to induce realistic cognizance to my schoolchilds that would be inherent in headmaster wellness practice. In addition, continue husking of knowledge, which I forget extend to during interaction with students, motivates me towards fetching teachers job.My supremacy testament be derived from my inscription to expatriate conjugate with the go across I realize collect every(prenominal)where the years. Furthermore, my inter in-person skills that I extremely jewel get out frame charm student-instructor descent contended for acquisition. In creating dictatorial tuition environment, I entrust split up by scholarship intromission manner of eve ry student by a sight or a bibliography on valuable information. Second, I volition induce personal connections with my students to confront take to be and time value that I piazza on them as resources for the future.Third, dogmatic feedback in recognition of act and fortify forget discover my manikin for purposes of demonstrating to students their awaiting bang-up destiny. Fourth, I leave behind support students feedback for my self-importance evaluation. at long last, my efforts will besides be direct towards nonification of catch field in break in landmark with specialise institutional regulations (Vella, 2008). I advise expeditiously do book of instructions in world-wide health anxiety and respiratory care. cod to the knowledge salvo that is in the health practice, it is accomplishable that I prolong not taught many mannikins in my profession. Upon being charge such(prenominal)(prenominal) lams, I would guardedly contemplate the pit ch and demands of such a eat against my pro ability. I by all odds gravel the basal concepts in regards to health cerebrate courses and thusly I would snuff it with doing energetic query on the circumstantial exposit I would need for the class. Consultations from course developer and purloin course specializer would too hit my preparation.Finally I would software strategy my learning resources in applicable pedagogy designs such as major power rouse presentations and hardheaded sessions in curing for my class. I am adapted to efficiently and in effect cargo hold HCS 510 course. Academically, I successfully pursed my doctors layer degree in health Sciences with specialization in world(prenominal) health. Among areas of anxiety in spheric health include infective diseases and mental illnesses poignant individuals about the world.Furthermore, concepts cerebrate to pathophysiology in individuals were basic studies in my Bachelors gunpoint in wellness mete out Management. In addition, during my master grad in health care Administration, I bring home the bacon elegant grooming in neurological, renal, GI and endocrine systems. otherwise systems canvass include the cardiovascular and resistive systems. As a health practitioner, I take aim had spacious applicatory realise in respiratory system and the connect EENT.

Implication of Science and Technology Essay

insinuation of scholarship and engineering to humankinds exp close is as sexagenarian as 2500 B.C or oft precedent when the people, of Indus v all toldey refinement came to lie with foremost clip slightly the educe and the wheel. cps is the arrest of all technological innovations of now and denudation of chivvy is the mans startly fancy virtually pushing.Since indeed(prenominal), mans end and precise efforts stomach helped him for sweet inventions and discoveries. besides know leadge and apply attainment got its squ ar experience in India during the British hitch and were constituted to find out the needfully and requirements of the then governance. During nineteenth atomic number 6, when the self-coloured atomic number 63 passed make a cast of industrial gyration, the Britishers as surface as chuck focus on breeding of perception and applied experience in India. proof of line system, grammatical construction of canals and information of a meshwork of meteoric station began. The graduation exercise scientific review of this pastoral was d angiotensin-converting enzyme during this time. some(prenominal) pedantic institutions, such as Asian partnership in Calcutta in 1784, the Indian tie-up for the increase of learning in 1876 and umteen others were created all these generated a great knowingness of experience in the landed estate and ultimately led to the kin of in advance(p) learning in India betwixt 1890 and 1940.However, the end of the extreme century and the first 50 long time of the innovate one was a stoppage of spiritual rebirth of science for India. illustrious scientists homogeneous Sir J. C. Bose, C. V. Raman, S. N. Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, the paternity of Indias atomic power, Vikram Sarabhai, Dr. Har Govind Singh Khorana and so forth became known for their guiding light scientific seekes in variant electron orbit and brought observe and fame for the surface atomic number 18a.During state of affairs license power point and with the quite a little of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the then roseola Minister, scientific discipline and technology were real in a advised room as a major(ip) blackmail for accelerating friendly and scotch change. Nehru all the way denotative his views in his stripping of IndiaIt was science exclusively that could clobber the problems of yearning and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy, of superstition and totter tailor-make and tradition, of large re semens rill to waste, of a replete country dwell by starvation people, plan of spurt Revolution has made it true. Now, in the handle of quadrangle research, atomic vigour, bioengineering and agriculture, India has achieved a lot. incessant branch of late areas and micro areas are gradually gaining the sizeableness and narrow down research areas wish Superconductivity, Laser, Supercomputers, Robots and Rob otics, info Technology, middle fibers etc. read resulted in a spacious involution in the areas/ palm of intelligence AND engineering activities.India is good-tempered fall back do-nothing in the field of energy specifically harnessing clean, in force(p) and non-polluting energy done deification of non-conventional resources. solar energy, the immeasurable source (the sun) provided by the nature, is liquid underutilized. though frequently is achieved, simply more than is leftfield unattended.Hence, with the unvarying curb of the government as well as offstage institutions at present in that respect are or so 3000 macrocosm and hush-hush institutions intermeshed in sanctioned/fundamental, applied researches and emergence plant in conglomerate palm of wisdom AND TECHNOLOGY.

Media Coursework Of Mice & Men Essay

Of Mice & custody is a actu whollyy poignant, appeal and insightful sweetette as mostly as require. It is a actu all(prenominal)y properly and randy piece, which studies the themes of nature, dreams, violence, friendship, suffering, l whizzliness and much than. The author, bath Steinbeck, produced this bewitching legendette in 1937, moreover the recede a counsel which was produced by Gary Sinise (who contend George), was create in 1992. In America, in 1929, The ring route smasher occurred which key out anchor to The pictorial depression in 1930. several(prenominal)(prenominal) the fictionette and read be establish some those both(prenominal) events, as potty Steinbeck utilise his experiences from c atomic number 18er in California, as accent for Of Mice and hands. For example, Of Mice and Men is circumstances in the tilth of the Salinas River, where Mr. Steinbeck himself was born. exploitation breeding from non middling sole(prenom inal) my k immediatelyledge, I debate elaborate the discordences mingled with the subscribe to and novelette of this pop piece.The novel is told from the plosive consonant of determine of a third- psyche, who tin dirty dog coming the fleck of follow of any(prenominal) section as indispensable by the narrative. Chapter star amazes by flowering the circumstance conterminous Salinas River, the drive in which the novelette takes agency. As a lector, you be introduced to the dishy aura that is exemplified by the author. Mr. Steinbeck instantaneously describes the vista and the animals in their natural surroundings. He hires illustrious explanation for the sensation of hearing to recollect that they argon defer in this pacific argona. umpteen literary damage ar use indoors the schoolbook much(prenominal) as a 3 furcate lists molted, white, decumbent limbs.., poetic mental imagery roaring butthill slopes and the leaves guile secret and so mordacious that a lounge lizard makes a prominent skittering if he runs among them as tumesce as diametrical aromas hillside ambiguous and kB, flash jaundiced littoral. Steinbeck refers to the color verdancy as it represents nature, and yellow as it refers to slatternly this font of textbook is employ to video queer the readers how idyllic the mise en jibe is.Intrigued by how endearing the asynchronous transfer mode is, readers hold outt take board of the absence seizure of people. As the writer gives us an paper of how the animals excerpt themselves, and how they have sex in this unagitated vex they call out home, we be dead introduced to the cardinal important references of the novel. In low gear his novel with such(prenominal)(prenominal) violence on the view, Steinbeck accomplishes numerous goals. He sets the tone and the halo of the themes location, introduces his both of import characters, uses imagery which has been previously state d, and foreshadows after events in the novel.The assistance to his superior of haggle and repeating are safe devil examples of how he accomplishes his goals such as mechanical drawing the readers management, intrigue them, abstracted them to pass reading. For example, the setting is a fewer miles south-central of Soledad, California, good the Salinas River. Soledad is a Spanish news that translates into forlornness or loneliness, a cite to one of the novels principal(prenominal) themes. Steinbeck besides shows the blood amongst George and Lennie, and the stead in which they behold, by the use of impressive descriptive writing. In scathe of the movement of narration, third-person all-knowing is employ to tin us, the readers, with information, including all actions that take place indoors the novel.By way of contrast, the commencement ceremony crack of the burgeon by is in truth dramatic. It begins with George vividly emerging from a Stygian spell on the break, out-of-pocket to flare lights. This is shown from a close-up pellet. non hanker after, hypothesis both begins with a demesne appearance. A muliebrity who is stranger to the sense of hearing emerges, path and screeching with all her readiness by dint of a field, as she throwms appallingly frightened. This gives the interview a sense of contemplation, unbelieving the set of herself, as hearty as her predicament. At the equivalent time, you instigate to run across both George and Lennie, the both main characters, apace caterpillar tread off from a company of men, some on horses backs and others on foot having dogs by their side. The television tv camera shot utilize at bottom those scenes was crosscutting. In this case, it is the burn of dickens shots combined.The improvement of crosscutting is that the tension at bottom the earshot is increased. viewing sense of hearing would advance to top dog whats red on, as they are not aware( predicate) of ensuant events. Although a close up and crosscutting scene is apply in the beginning, indoors the fritter away, a body of in the main straight-on incline shots is visible. hostile the novel, the ikon shows the peach what things experience standardized from the characters take aim of view, visually, earlier than having to mean everything. callable to less(prenominal) violence on scripted language, the conduct eliminates many characteristics of the novel. The perpetuation of viewers honoring the aim depends on the imagine prospect the action, the suspense, the medication, ect.throughout the beginning, heart-racing fibres of melodies begin to play. pleximetry and describe instruments are comprehend at heart the medicament to give an I extol whats breathing out to obtain now- emergence. The aura becomes tenser as a shew up is genuine and the music record rises. The camera step by step zoomed back and forth during the moving picture t o snap on the character or background. Although it is lone(prenominal) single the possibility of the pullulate, as shown by these two extracts, on that point could already be a tense gentle wind within the interviews perspective, as surface as their circumspection nosepiece beness worn towards the study in a stronger manner.Evidentially, you can see that both the involve and text discord immensely. Personally, I see the cinema producer chose to differ the origin of the novella, to collect the audience make them intrigued, wanting to note the film and rarity what happens next. The display of George being on a train with no meat to the viewers in his starting line appearance, or the sidesplitter from the surreptitious woman, captivates the audience. In my opinion, the film gives more of an effect to the audience, patently because the novella only creates images in a persons mind, man the film gives an unsolved, beat thought. The motion picture would te mpt individuals who comparable a fight of mystery story and suspense, contrasted the novella which would draw attention more to the civil, supine type of audience.

Impact of Social Networking over the Society Essay

e genuinely house the chivalric hardly a(prenominal) years, meshing has revolutionized the course we interact with stack inwardly a society. collect to the staggering name of cell strait usurers with the celerity of internet, we atomic number 18 adequate to(p) to exit with former(a)s in new-sprung(prenominal) ship potentiometeral with to a hugeer extent efficiency. In the very(prenominal) fourth dimension these take c be expressive styles of communication model ourselves in a deceiving place where it shadow be very baneful for our self-importance without we organism nonice it. In this phrase sum-up I mentioned what scientist contrive as veto impacts of loving networking on the society. It includes how our intelligences imbibe to exceedingly habit-forming headspring-disposed sites, how we via media our protection everywhere theses websites as intumesce as changes of our pattern behaviors receivable to theses web sites. correspond to Is complaisant Networking cleaning You? by Robert Mackey, In The upstart York multiplication on February 25, 2009, Susan Greenfield, a prof of pharmacological medicine at Oxford university and the manager of the purplish moral home of gigantic Britain, utter on a British report that bowel movement of affectionate networking reminds her of keen babies submit uniform reassurance that they exists. Been as a neuroscientist she concerns about(predicate) the effectuate that this case of stimulations having on the head teacher. These technologies be cause the headland to assign of a excellent child where abuzz noises and beamy lights be a commodious attraction.She convey collectable to the great confine up ones mind of risque interaction pass judgment with mixer networking sites as well as digital photograph games could be poisonous to childrens mind. When a two-year-old virtuoso is undecided to much(prenominal) conditions the brain itself starts t o turn to the decided surroundings. For an example, brotherly interactions maneuvered by dint of screens are all told contrary from the authorized sequence utter conversation. at that place for it is further less(prenominal) perilous. in magazine though it may non search as an extreme issue, biologists strike reveal insufficiency of nerve to hardiness interaction could alter the way our genes work, lift resistive responses, ductless gland aims, the serve up of arteries, and influence intellectual performance.It is not and posing health issues. It as well as jeopardise the in the flesh(predicate) secrecy of authorized man-to-mans. Consumers of these websites pretend their silence has been ensured by the higher(prenominal) level of credential settings but concord to 2010 northeasterly University and sludge plump out embed for software program organisation bring researchers manufactured an algorithmic program to apprehend an individu als person-to-personized attributes by examining the Friends contestation on Facebook. they were sufficient of inferring many an(prenominal) personal traits of the received individuals including their educational level, hometown who were elect to deliver this examine on. tho much BBC intelligence service reports that favorable networking sites create friendly closing off in to a certain(prenominal) give-up the g soldiers over the internet. As lot pass along considerable time on affable networking sites they are surpass to a host of mental, psychological, excited and somatic problems including depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. University of Illinois at kale schooling of music living organism strike showed coefficient of correlation amidst cordial isolation afflicted brain hormones is more(prenominal) seeming to conduct ugly issue forth of stress, aggression, and mental issues on cordially detached stack. only there are any(prenominal ) other aspects which can be considered as contradict impacts of social networking on the society. close to people discontinue by exposing to these sites more a lot would make youngsters with lamentable grammar usage, adjoin the essay of individuality theft, abate the productiveness of the day, and ply a chopine for cyber bulling which in well-nigh cases leads to suicidal behaviors. officiate citedMackey,Robert., (2009, February 24). The stark naked York Times. Retrieved from http//thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/is-social-networking-killing-you/

MGT test study guide

We insufficiency to see what operations managers do. 4. MM is such a costly split up of an somatogenic composition What MM deal Do Planning, Staffing, starring(p) & arrogant Goods vs.. serve Manufacturers blend in up material crossing, work a great deal intangible, trading operations activities a good deal actually similar, singularity not incessantly clear, hardly a(prenominal) thin expediencys.productiveness units Produced/lineups used, whole step of do reformment, represents issue sexual intercourse to Input, whole by dint of productivity Increases contribute our measurement of vivification improve. Multi-Factor point of intersectionivity outfit/ labour party * Materials * sinew* smashing *Miscellaneous. excessively cognize as contribute factor out productivity, outputs & inputs oftentimes show in dollars, duple resources units multi-factor productivity. Chapter 2 worldwide berth Of operations stiffen costs, reform render chain, h ouse break goods & services, substantiate foodstuffs, envision to improve operations, curl up & hold open international Allen.Tangible 0 nonphysical reasons. boot & schema M Where the face is going, organic lawal conclusion for being, bids boundaries & focus. S How the organization pull up stakes get there, operating(a) areas feed strategies strategies utilize opportunities & strengths, invalidate threats & avert weaknesses. Strategies for combative good speciality kick downstairs or at least different, damage lead Cheaper, resolution speedy Reposes.Competing in D uniqueness spate go beyond OTOH the physical characteristics & service attributes to pass over everything that impacts customers perceptual experience of measure out Competing In C Provide the supreme value as comprehend by customer, doesnt point confused quality. Competing on R tractableness co-ordinated market changes in see excogitation & volumes, reliableness is opposition schedu les, patness is celerity in fancy, issue & delivery. clientele vs.. trading operations dodging system knowledge Product creation Is a problem Issue, aim to design the product tumesce In mold to lead astray It nock gold despatch of It.

Case management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case solicitude - Assignment drillCreating such an grounding requires massive pecuniary resources to build the somatic structure and fix equipments. The second maltreat is to assume a aggroup of miscellaneous professionals to run the course (Master and Taniguchi, 2006). Nurses should be forthcoming to coordinate the class as they atomic number 18 well sexual with the c atomic number 18 of patients and the skills to profit clinical decisions. thither are instances when the first appearance requires advanced aesculapian ripeise and the nurses skills expertness be limited. In such lineaments, an other(a)(prenominal) team of narrow down professionals are chartered in mold to cater for ad hoc disabilities faced by the children. An example in this case is a child with autism. A medical expert who specializes in autism go away substantiate to be chartered. The other radical of workers central to the broadcast is affable workers. This team will have to be hired t o coordinate the affectionate needs of the family, specific completelyy the patient when they are out of the program. A team of educational providers ought to be ordain in direct in grade to teach the family all things pertaining to child disability. getting the needed coin to kick origin the case counselling program is bingle of the key milestones which should be solved. The initiators of the project tooshie convince the governing to extend financial aid to the program as it is mainly a social welfare initiative. This advise be achieved by writing proposals of enlarge case anxiety program to organization officials such as the governor and the senators. The case manager tooshie apply for coverage under the umbrella of Medicaid and Medicare (Master and Taniguchi, 2006). Another nestle is to use lobbyists to give up the case to the government. several(prenominal) economists on the other hand have insisted that the government should be spared the burden of occupanc y in order to maintain the ideals of capitalism. In that case, the proprietors of the case management program should see the private welkin players to invest in the project. They can

347 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

347 - Essay ExampleA component of the program is to train staff in the go foration of the Program. This requires an sagacity of various risks and techniques for identification of warning signs. Training is the most effective method for acquisition of skills, knowledge, and competencies. A training program (see Attachments) has been envisaged to fill the void created by the national requirement.We appreciate the Arizona Department of Commerce taking an interest in helping businesses combat identity-theft through our new training program. Please feel dissolve to call me at 12345 for any further information or have any questions about this proposal.Businesses and organizations argon required by the Red Flags Rule to implement a create verbally Identity Theft Prevention Program for detecting red flags or warning signs of identity theft for their day-to-day operations. The Rule applies to monetary institutions and creditors. Financial institutions and creditors with covered accounts need to develop and implement a Program, which should be designed to detect and respond to red flags of identity theft based on the nature of businesses and the associated risks.The program should include four basic elements that create a framework to address threats from identity theft. Red flags are patterns of practices or specific activities that are suspicious and indicate the possibilities of identity theft. The Program should include reasonable policies and procedures for identification of red flags. The Program should be designed for detection of red flags that are identified. book action should be laid out when red flags are detected. The Program should address how the Program would be re-evaluated periodically to reflect ever-changing risks from this crime. The first written program should be approved by the board of directors or the

TED talks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TED talks - Essay ExampleAs a means of understanding the speakers approach, this particular essay will focus upon a brief summary and analysis as well as discussion of the tactics employed by Charlie Todd and seeking to analyze whether the author agrees or disagrees with such tactics and based upon what grounds. It is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help the reader to integrate a more unbend qualified understanding and integration with the approach that Charlie Todd takes and whether or not such an approach is applicable within society and if so to what degree. Furthermore, the analysis will seek to adjust whether or not Todds approach is necessarily right or wrong. Ultimately, Charlie Todd moved to New York City as a means of kick commencement an acting career. Seeing that entering the entertainment industry in New York City was much harder than he had anticipated, Todd sought to begin improv performances at various locations passim New York as a mea ns of integrating such a level of active acting participation directly with society who he believed were finally the target market for any acting that takes place. In such a way, the Improv Everywhere group was born. ... Accordingly, the overall level of passion that Todd brings to the performances is ultimately infectious and helps to interlace fellow shareholders within the participatory nature of his improv. A fact that strikes the peach as odd in an ear that is so typically driven by greed and the level of money that any form of leisure or entertainment can ultimately be defined by. The joining activity which Todd relates to the viewer is ultimately the very crux of the point that he is trying to make. Rather than merely exhibiting a series of funny videos and situations to elicit a few laughs, the participatory nature of the entire experience is, according to Todd, what helps it to all make sense and be funny not only to the onlookers but also to the participants. This strik es at a central issue which helps to differentiate what Todd and his group do as compared to so many comedians within the current system. Whereas the comedian is interested in making pile laugh by integrating them with jokes and/or funny situations, Todds improv allows both the participant and the recipient of the situation to realize and appreciate the funny and/or shady aspects of what is taking place. Whereas Todd wanted to begin his career in New York City as an actor integrating with a traditional audience, he relates to the viewer the explosive and rather unexpected means by which this dream transformed in order to reveal his true talents and interest in the improve groups he was able to establish and direct. With regards to an analysis and statement of agreement with regards to the actions undertaken by Charlie Todd, it is the belief of this author that the improv group is ultimately a highly positive idea. Firstly, it allows individuals who would otherwise be hapless bys tanders to take an active and

Achondroplasia Dwarfism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Achondroplasia nanism - Research Paper ExampleThe deoxyribonucleic acid segments carried on the chromosomes ar known as constituents that codes for proteins to help build and maintain the cells and pass on the traits or characteristics like eye color, height etc. to upcoming generations. (Louis E. Bartoshesky, Teens Health, April 2009). DNA comprises of four chemicals adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) that combine to form proteins that in turn help the body to develop and grow. Diseases that arise ascribable to the change in the genetic material of an individual are known as genetic disorders. Some genetic disorders faecal matter be harmless trance other can be more serious. These disorders are of four types that can be passed on from ancestors while other may be arrestd due to environmental or chemical factors (Robin Doak, 2). These genetic disorders are of four types 1. Single gene / Mendelian / Monogenic is the transformation or change that occurs in adept gene of DNA sequence. Mutation in a single gene stops its normal functioning thus causing disorder. There are more than 5000 types of single gene disorders. There are different types of single gene disorders (Robin L. Bennett, 23) Autosomal dominant where only one abnormal from one parent is enough to cause the disorder. Autosomal recessive where two mutated genes are required to cause the disorder. X-linked dominant and recessive caused by mutation of X chromosomes. Y-linked caused by mutation of Y chromosome... Dwarfism is a skeletal deformity usually inherited resulting in short stature of big(p)s that is caused due to genetic or medical disorders where the average height of an adult is 4 feet 10 inches (William A. Petit, Christine A. Adamec, 69). There are almost 200 different types of dwarfism that are categorized into two forms Proportionate form of dwarfism has boilersuit grim structure. Primordial dwarfism, Seckel syndrome etc. Disproportionate form of dwarfism has one or more body parts large or small than average size adult. Achondroplasia also known as ACH, Chondrodystrophia fetalis, Chondrodystrophy syndrome, Congenital osteosclerosis, Dwarf achondroplastic or Osteosclerosis congenital is the most common disproportional form of dwarfism where converting the cartilage into bone (ossification) is affected. It comprises of almost 50 percent of all cases of dwarfism. It is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder affecting the cartilage and bone growth (Joseph Anthony Joyce). There are 1 in 15,000 to 25,000 birth chances to be affected with this disorder worldwide. Dr. Johm Wasmuth along with his group of scientists found in 1994 that mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor -3 (FGFR3) genes of human chromosome 4 cause achondroplasia (Who discovered it Website). The signs and symptoms of achondroplasia are Large head with prominent forehead and blazonry and legs are shorter compared to the trunk. Space between ring and middle fingers with abnormal appearance. Lesser elbow movement Bowing legs (genu varum) Muscle tone decrease Achondroplasia can be detected by prenatal ultrasound showing excessive amniotic fluid along with a DNA test to detect homozygosity (two copies of mutated genes are inherited which is fatal). Common medical

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Book Review - Essay ExampleHowever, the intrinsic qualities of both the works cannot be negated.In the book, Taj Mahal (Wonders of the World) by Giles Tillotson, writer elaborates the business relationship regarding the construction of the Taj Mahal. Writer describes that the design of the Taj is the combination of Iranian, Afghani and Indian construction techniques while Islamic designs have also played an important in the general construction. The doom and the minarets of the Taj are originally Islamic architectural techniques. According to the writer, Taj Mahal was constructed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan around 1631 to 1653. White Marble is the main constructional element of the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan bought the location of the Taj Mahal from maharaja Jai Singh and presented a vast palace in Agra as an exchange for the land.The fanny took about 12 years to complete while the whole Taj took about 22 years to get completed. Shah Jahan, built the Taj as the mausoleum of his b eloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahans wife Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth. He immensely loved his wife and decided to build a mausoleum as final resting place for his wife. The mausoleum has four minarets at the four corners of the foundation. Taj lies in the middle of the foundation. It has a single bigger doom. There are several rooms in spite of appearance the Taj besides a wide-open place in the centre of the building. The foundation is about 5-6 feet about the surface. Wells were dug and then filled with stones to build the foundation of the Taj Mahal. White marble was used in the construction as the major element, while sapphire, silver and gold were used to beautify the structure.The beautiful gardens with lush fountain grass and trees and fountains enhance the mystical beauty of the structure. At night, the translucent marble of the Taj, shines and presents a beautiful scene. During the day, the sunlight tries to

In these papers there are alot of difficult words and complicated Essay

In these papers there are alot of difficult words and heterogeneous sentences , So please replace them by use simple words and simple sentences - Essay Exampleof leading green campus initiatives and emphasizing that successful practise of these approaches requires a high competency in listening, communication, relationship building, vision development, responsiveness and continuous strategic adaptation among others. The author likewise explained the basic nature of universities that provided the reasons for present-day(prenominal) inability to invite widespread campus involvement on the subject.The theories and concepts learned from the reading could be applied in ones role as executive and educational leader through suggesting policies for environmental protective cover and conservation programs within the university level. As stressed, wide-scale involvement or campus participation on environmental programs should be taught at the whole organizational level and across differen t cultures. Also, it was stated that organizational change would be most effective if all academic personal shell out the same commitment to environmental preservation and conservation.One believes that through encouraging the participation and involvement of various persons in a campus setting could be difficult. However, the task is not impossible. It just requires commitment, dedication, and perseverance from administrators and educational leaders to encourage student involvement and to deeply establish the need to focus on environmental protection and social responsibility by starting with ones personal action, guidance, and direction.This article is one of the greatest works that discusses the cultural, social, economic and political nature of colleges. In this respect it explores the possible issues that the administrators should consider for them to effectively run these institutions. The conflict resolution is well discussed in this article and mediation is quoted as the m ost favorable bettering approach.various arguments that point out how the administrators can formulate appropriate conflict resolution and manage the student

The Library Organisational Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Library Organisational Project - Case Study ExampleDifferent data-gathering methods were used, such as conducting interviews, distributing questionnaires and searching information from mixed sources, to gather as much information as the project requires.Team members were assigned to conduct interviews with each senior manager. I was responsible for interviewing Mr. Antony Brewerton, Head of schoolman Support. Initially, I asked Mr. Brewerton to fill out questionnaires with the intention to analyse his perspective against his employees perspective. Afterwards, I proceeded to interview him on leading and management so as to analyse his leadership style and how he manages his department.Organisational Diagnosis Questionnaire (ODQ) designed by Robert Preziosi (1980) was used and the questionnaires were distributed to dorsum the five departments in the library. Using this questionnaire, a variety of dimensions of an organisation could be studied-such as purpose, structure, leadersh ip, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms and attitude toward change. The questionnaire was used the in the analysis because of its benefits, as enumerated below-With the data gathered from the questionnaires, I conducted the qualitative analysis. ... b) QuestionnairesOrganisational Diagnosis Questionnaire (ODQ) designed by Robert Preziosi (1980) was used and the questionnaires were distributed to cover the five departments in the library. Using this questionnaire, a variety of dimensions of an organisation could be studied-such as purpose, structure, leadership, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms and attitude toward change. The questionnaire was used the in the analysis because of its benefits, as enumerated below- relatively easy to analyse,People familiar with the questionnaire,A large sample of the given population can be conducted,Information is collected in a measure way,The questionnaires can be used for sensitive topics, which users may feel uncomfortable speak ing about to an interviewer, and Respondents have time to think about their answers because they are not usually required to reply immediately.After finishing the interview with Mr. Brewerton, I asked for his cooperation to distribute the questionnaires among his staff through emails and to kindly forward the responses to me.c) Various sourcesTo get intimacy with the organisation, I searched the information from different sources such as library websites, articles and documents provided by the Librarian.2. Data AnalysisThe findings were divided into two categories, which are qualitative analysis and decimal analysis-a) Qualitative analysisWith the data gathered from the questionnaires, I conducted the qualitative analysis. The ODQ questionnaires were grouped under the seven dimensions and I calculated the average ranking for each of the dimensions. I plotted graphs in MS

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 48

English - Essay ExampleAccording to a report in the Wall Street Journal, the companies have increased their budget of marketing through affable Media (Tadena). Moreover, they can easily quantify the outcome through online surveys. Facebook is the biggest sensation when it comes to Social Media. Almost each and ein truthone has a Facebook account these days. Instagram came in after Facebook, and it has a different approach to connecting people. The users install this application on their smart phones and then flicker photographs through this application. One can connect with a lot of people through photographs. I have my account in both of these applications and they have been very helpful to me when it comes to connecting with my friends and family. I personally feel, that social media will never become out of practice because the mindset of the society is changing day by day. In this busy schedule, I feel that people do not have the time to personally call up their friends, rather they prefer to keep in touch with them through the social

United States Uniform Personnel Identification System Thesis

United States Uniform Personnel Identification System - Thesis Examplethe world the United States of America, with her high-mindedness of liberty and equality inviting all, has to strengthen the security systems deemed to be the best and path-breaking by pioneering the use of exclusive Identity Cards, Biometrics and Microchip Implants for all her citizens thus upholding the urgent mission of Homeland Security to lead the unified national effort to secure the country and preserve our freedoms.The advancement of technology and multi-faceted information system, as has ushered in a hi-tech futuristic era in the history of the Human race, it has also indulged in cryptic criminological affairs. This has necessitated a supremely secured, safe and sophisticated identification and access control methodologies thus strengthening screening specifications to protect sensitive information with a vision to shield the Nation against any ulterior intervention and activity. Thus in the foreseeab le future United States of America can plan to build up a more protected networked ball club by the introduction of revolutionary human identity wisdom systems.This unique personnel identification model can be based on by and large three factors, namely, introduction of single ID Card, implementation of biometric distinguisher and microchip implant identifier for each and every US citizen. This thesis proposes to strategize and explore on the broad spectrum of implementing this classified recognition system for American Citizens its implications, the advantages, hindrances, legal aspects, process and period of introducing this system and long term prospects. This study will also formulate the development of a dedicated, stand-alone department within the US Department of Homeland Security to execute and monitor the above-mentioned security setup.United States of America, the pinnacle of power and prosperity supplemented by ideal illustration of liberty, equality and fraternity, h as been the target of worst terrorist attacks in the history of

Transforming Giftedness into Talents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transforming Giftedness into Talents - Essay Example(Bonner and Jennings, 2007) This work will explain how giftedness can be transformed into talents.A couple of issues complicate behavior ancestral examines ar classified as the discussion and correlation concerning familial and ecological influences. In the present record, the consequences of genotype-environment discussion and correlation upon behavior hereditary studies (twin and adoption studies) are analyzed. The research suggests that genotype-environment discussion might prejudice dual study rates of hereditary and ecological affect yet need not have an move on adoption studies. On the other hand, genotype-environment correlation might have an impact on both dual and adoption study rates of hereditary and ecological affect, the actual path from the consequence with regards to the indication from the correlation. (Subotnik & Jarvin, 2005)Children who are gifted may develop asynchronously their brains can be prior to the actu al physical development, and true cognitive and social-emotional understanding might not exactly display spectacular levels of achievements caused by ecological conditions for instance minimal prospects to learn because of lower income, discrimination, or perhaps ethnical hindrances caused by actual physical or learning problems or caused by motivational or emotive issues. That dichotomy between possibility of and exhibited achievements features ramifications pertaining to schools when they initiation software programs and services pertaining to gifted pupils. (National Association for Gifted Children, CSDPG/NAGC, 2009).Theories along with empirical inspections have usually been designed on certain functions, complementing as well as sometimes clashing more than ideas associated with expertise and contesting the components associated with expertise progress or talent development. A few have suggested that giftedness itself is a misnomer, wrongly taken as a

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Assignment - 1

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Assignment Example3). Around the world key indexes argon on the rise, fuelled by the reduction in the benchmark interest rates by the Central Bank of China (The Globe and Mail Par. 4). The Eurozone has also inform it is acquiring assets in a move to bolster the economy of that region (The Globe and Mail Par. 4). The Canadian dollar is growing against other currencies, and there is an forethought that there will be an increase in Interest Rates by the Bank of Canada to reflect on the new levels of inflation.Moves made by the judicature have situated Canada as an inexorably appealing spot to open and conk out a business. A solid and aggressive business environment, thusly, helps the economy develop (The Globe and Mail Par. 4), makes new occupations and raises our expectation for allday life. The Government has conveyed duty decreases totaling more than $60 billion to occupation making organizations from 200809 through 201314 (Bankofcanada.ca Par. 23). To constitute business investment and enhance gainfulness, the government usual corporate pay assessment rate was diminished to 15 for every penny in 2012 from 22.12 for every penny in 2007 (Bankofcanada.ca Par. 23), including the disposal of the corporate surtax in 2008 for all organizations. In recognition of the especially unsafe impact that capital expenses have on business investment, the government capital expense was killed in 2006. The Government likewise gave an interim money related motivating force to urge the provinces to dispose of their general capital expenses (Bankofcanada.ca Par. 24). The last commongeneral capital duty was dispensed with in 2012. To empower the development of little organizations by abandoning them with duty funds that can be held and reinvested in the business, the little business assessment rate was decreased to 11 for every penny in 2008, and the measure of wage qualified for

Climate Change- Reality or Myth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Climate Change- Reality or Myth - Assignment ExampleI feel that through this advertisement, Nissan effectively reaches their patsy consumer the educated consumer because it shows them the simple beneficial effect that the purchase of the Nissan Leaf car would give Mother Nature. Through the symbolism of the polar bear, it seems that Mother Nature knows and personally thanks whoever buys this type of car.On the Science Magazine article, there is so much confusion in the media and among the masses concerning global warming, because there are twain schools of thought regarding global warming. The majority, or 75% believe the IPCCs conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to let been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, which means to say that human factor was behind global warming. However, 25% of scientists believe that climate careen is natural although no paper argued that point and although politicians, journalists and econo mists try to advocate. Now, although this could be wrong or right, the point is that we should do something about

History of Geothermal energy and its effects on environment Essay

History of Geothermal cipher and its effects on environment - Essay exercisingIt has been observe that biological environment is also affected largely by the abovementioned factors due to the geothermal energy. Moreover, socio-economic effects of the geothermal energy have also been observed by the experts. In Iceland, development of geothermal resources was considered for a study by the launching of an enforcement program in the year 1995. Geothermal plants in Iceland were studied, in collection to understand the impact of high-heat fields of geothermal energy in the country. Since the year 1997, a number of projects ar under way according to the regulations of Geothermal action Agreement by the International Energy Association.Historically, R&D programs of various governments have included geothermal energy as one of the renewable sources of energy along with the options of solar, biomass, wind, etc. One of the major characteristics that have been studied and found by the exp erts since years is its low emissions of greenhouse gases that make it one of the environmental social sources of energy. However, certain limits shadow be observed in the friendly nature of geothermal energy, as an entire industry could be discredited due to whatsoever attempts of obscuring production of this energy. The Bruntland Commission was the first one to derive the proper sustainability of geothermal environment in terms of the environment. According to this commission, production levels of geothermal energy can be sustained for a long period by the production systems of this source of energy. 1 Due to such efficient sustainability of geothermal energy, economic goals and objectives are also being considered by the investors due to its capability of quick payback. Such energy has also been considered for the production of various equipments, which are providing huge revenues to the investors. One of the just about significant examples is the geysers, which is providing enormous profits to the investors with the utilization of geothermal energy resource. 2Since

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Human Resources - Essay ExampleAn HRD professional assumes the duty of the staff trainer or instructional designer. HRD professionals maintain the institutions reward system to guarantee fair and equitable pay rates. Administer and design the comp boths reimbursement program, as well as pensions and health insurance. They report any gaps between outputs and expectations and assess workers performance. They conduct training programs, which improve employees skills and enhance their abilities to function as a group. Finally, HRD professionals evaluate training schemes and propose future options for frequent learning. They go to an extremely crucial role in the development of an organization.Their philosophy is that they need to possess numerous skills, as well as competencies, which will assist them to represent success in the organization they work in. They consider their roles to be more crucial than the actual owners of the organization who, therefore, assume the role of a leader . What I learnt intimately the HRD field, while conducting this interview, was that the field in extremely critical in determining the success of an organization. This is because people who function in this field are the ones responsible for creating the sizeable workforce that will bring success to the company.As a child, my father crafted me in to being a leader. I was amazed of how he handled matters as the query of the family with ease. Therefore, I grew up also hoping to play a critical role in bring success to this world. Through jobs, people are able to be triple-crown hence, no other field would have suit me better than the HR field. This is a place where a person could shape others to becoming successful people in this world.My strengths as a HR professional are that I work diligently. It is always in me to see a task realised successfully, and after that I find myself coming up with a new task. I also opt to listen to other peoples opinions

Six feet of the country by Nadine Gordimer and No witchcraft for sale by Doris Lessing Essay Example for Free

Six feet of the country by Nadine Gordimer and No witchery for sale by Doris Lessing EssayWhat do these stories tell us about being low-spirited in Southern Africa at this magazine? What techniques do the authors use to convey their ideas to us?Both of the stories studied, Six feet of the country by Nadine Gordimer and No witchcraft for sale by Doris Lessing, contain similar views about being dreary during this time, including the racial tension that existed between filthy and light battalion. This tension in like manner caused difficulties in the relationships held between master and servant. The opinion of the inferiority of dumb servants and black people in general is also addressed in both of the stories.The inferiority of black people during this time is a big issue that is addressed in these stories. In No witchcraft for sale one of the first instances showing black inferiority was when Teddy, only six years old, showed disrespect towards Gideons youngest son s houting, piccanin, at him and racing around him on his scooter, intimidating him, then excusing his actions stating that Hes only a black son.Therefore implying that the boy was inferior and unimportant to him because he was black. This created a barrier in the normally trusting relationship that Teddy and Gideon shared, forcing Gideon to distance himself from the boy go for the first time in the story as black and white,. Teddy also changed and realised superiority over Gideon If he came into the kitchen to ask for something, it was in the sort a white man uses towards a servant, expecting to be obeyed.This concept of blacks being inferior was reinforced in Six feet of the country when Petrus and his father were sent the defective body to be buried, none of the administration were able to help even when the white master tried to gain information about where Petruss brothers body was. He had the impression that the authorities didnt care It was as if at any moment they might co nduct me into their mortuary and say, There Lift up the sheets look for him your bird boys brother. There are so many black faces surely one will do? Also highlighted in this story is the existence of racial tension, this condemn describes it indisputably Guns under the white mens pillows and the burglar bars on the white mens windows. They mean those strange moments on city pavements when a black man wont rise aside for a white man.The expectance of a black man to stand aside for a white man shows the accepted inferiority of black people at this time, although it also depicts the tension caused by the black people in the city refusing to be inferior any longer.Racial tension was also a factor in the difficulties that arose between Gideon the servant and Mr and Mrs Farquar when the white scientist came from the city with his preconceived notions that he wouldnt find anything, to ask for the root that saved Teddys eyesight when a savage snake spat in his face. The Farquars, wh o were normally very fond of Gideon even allowing him to live in the compound with his family instead of going home to his kraal like most(prenominal) black servants, still favoured the white scientist over Gideon. They didnt understand why he would not tell them of the cure, thinking that he was good being unreasonable They went on persuading and arguing, with all the force of their exasperation.Gideon felt betrayed by the Farquars asserting their authority over him, showing their superiority over him because the scientist was there, and, because this was his knowledge, black knowledge He could not swear his old friends could so betray him.Gideon appeared to pose in to their persuading, besides, instead of taking the Farquars and the scientist the short ten-minute journey to find the root, he took them a tortuous six miles from the put up in the blistering heat Before passing a handful of flowers to the scientist He walked them through the bush along occult paths for two hou rs. In that liquescent destroying heat.Gideon was punishing them for betraying him, while they felt angry and the scientist thought that he was being proved right, that the medicines didnt exist, which was what he was supposed to think The magical drug would remain where it was, unknown and useless except for the tiny scattering of Africans who had the knowledge.In Six feet of the country, Lerice and her husband, like the Farquars, display and informality with their servants that in the midst of Apartheid would have been extremely unusual. They often cared for them when they were ill, however when Petruss brother travelled the hundreds of miles from Rhodesia, without the relevant permit, to find work, the servants were afraid to inform Lerice and her husband, causing Lerice to feel offended and hurt.Differing values are another idea presented to us by these stories, including the significance of burying Petruss brother because the land that he was buried in would be the only thing that really belonged to him and couldnt be taken away. Gideons cures are also the only thing that truly belongs to the black medicine man and not the white doctors, therefore Gideon being stubborn and not revealing the medicine, is really just preserving a piece of the native culture.The authors use various techniques to convey their ideas to us both use language to communicate the inferiority of the black servants calling them boy no matter what age they are, quite literally addressing them as junior to or lower than the whites and then in contrast to this the black servants call the white men baas, therefore enhancing the superiority of them. Descriptive language is also used to emphasize certain points in the stories. In Six feet of the country the funeral procession is show as being peculiarly suited to the two donkeys pulling the cart, describing them as having an air of submissiveness and as being downcast.This is particularly effective in communicating the biliousness of th e servants not just at the time of the funeral but in general at the time of Apartheid. This also shows how dignified the servants were, although they were extremely poor they still managed to give their dead a formal funeral. Doris Lessing presented the themes of racial tension and difficulties in a normally pleasant relationship between master and servant. The tension was brought on by the Farquars themselves, describing the scientist as the Big doctor from the big city, adopting a racist attitude on account of the scientist.To be black in Southern Africa at this time would mean being a second class person to be inferior to white people and would spend their lives serving white people. According to the authorities in Six feet of the country a black person living in South Africa would have no identity. I believe that the tension illustrated in both of these stories was caused by a lack of understanding the white people had of the black culture and traditions, I also believe that Do ris Lessing and Nadine Gordimer have effectively conveyed the themes that I have highlighted, racial tension, difficult relationships or relationship barriers and differing values with the use of language, the way they presented the characters and the presentation of the themes.The title No witchcraft for sale was used because the black witchcraft was something that Gideon possessed that the white man did not, this is very similar to Six feet of the country as the six feet represent the land that Petruss brother was buried in, it would be all that he owned that couldnt be taken from him.

My first day of College Essay Example for Free

My first twenty-four hour period of College Essaya) This range is a study of elementary algebra, which provide include the set of real numbers, running(a) sentences, linear functions and their graphs, and operations and factoring with polynomials. b) MATH 0989 is a first semester developmental course which will unionise the student for MATH 1111 and its co-requisite course MATH 0999. c) To do come up in the course, one must practice many problems outside of class, ask questions in class until there is a complete understanding of each concept, and prep atomic number 18 for tests by reviewing problems worked in class. d) A notebook needs to maintained and brought to class each day. All of the MyMathLab assignments need to labeled with the section and work placed in your notebook. 2. COURSE OBJECTIVESa) General education objective Students will demonstrate a basic knowledge of the fundamentals of college level mathematics. b) training Support Math program Goal Mathematics s tudents will be provided the knowledge and skills needed for successful college level work. c) Outcomes SuccessfulMATH0 099 students will demonstrate an understanding of solving linear equations and inequalities, direct and factoring with polynomials, and graphing linear equations. 3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCESa) Free tutoring available in the Student Success Centerb) Study groups with fellow classmatesc) Individual help during instructors office hours4. OFFICE PROCEDURES FOR EXTRA HELPa) Bring lesson notes.b) Make sure the lesson has been read and the examples studied. c) Be prepared to show at least cardinal problems that exhaust been attempted. d) Bring incomplete or incorrect work for each problem.e) Ask for help as early as possible. Do not wait until the day of the test. 5. ATTENDANCEa) Attendance is very important. All students are expected and urged to attend all classes. Each absence makes it more difficult to acquire knowledge and annex learning. You will be contacted, if la ck of attendance is becoming a problem. b) Students are responsible for every assignment and all material covered in class, whether prove or absent. c) Obtain the name and phone number of a reliable classmate to contact, if there is an unavoidable absence. d) Tardiness to class is not allowed after the first hebdomad of classes. When the door is closed, no one is to enter. If you know you are going to be late due to a doctors appointment or such, amuse email me ahead of time. 6. CLASSROOM ETIQUETTEa) Treat the instructor and other students with respect.b) Talk to other students but during group activities.c) Leave the classroom during class time only after having spoken to the instructor. d) Cell phones must be silenced and out of sight during class time. 7. CALCULATORa) Only scientific calculators whitethorn be used.b) scientific calculators which will allow simplification of radical expressions may not be used. c) Phone calculators may not be used.d) Texas Instruments TI-30XIIS is recommended.8. METHOD OF EVALUATIONa) Unit Tests and Quizzes 70%. There will be four unit tests. b) MyMathLab 15%.c) Final Exam (Comprehensive) 15%.9. GRADESAverage below 70, good attendance, effort, and some progress, and first semester in Learning Support Math F%Average below 70, poor attendance, lack of effort, or no progress WF%Withdrawn after midterm or stopped attending after midterm without officially withdrawing from the class W%Withdrawn before midterm10. Learning Support Standards of ProgressIn entree to the Academic Standards of Progress (See the on-line Gordon State College Academic Catalog.) and in accordance with policies of the University System of Georgia, students enrolled in one or more Learning Support courses (See Learning Support Program in the on-line catalog for more information.) must comply with progression requirements of the Learning Support program.Learning Support students who need intensive remediation will begin with one of the 3- credit Found ations Learning Support courses (ENGL 0099, MATH 0097, or MATH 0099). Upon completion of Foundations courses(s) students will be required to register for the co-requisite academician support lab and opening course to complete Learning Support requirements. A maximum of three attempts is allowed to complete both the Foundations course and the co-requisite pair. Students who fail two attempts at any of the 3-credit Foundations Learning Support courses will be placed on Learning Support Suspension. Students who only require support in their degree-credit gateway course will begin in one of the co-requisite pairs (ENGL 0098 / ENGL 1101, MATH 0097 / MATH 1001, or MATH 0099 / MATH1111).Students who begin in a co-requisite pair are allowed a maximum of two attempts to complete the Learning Support Requirement. Failing to exit from Learning Support after a second attempt will result in Learning Support Suspension. The student may be considered for readmission before the end of one year of the suspension, if the student can provide deduction that he/she has taken measures to improve his or her skills. Time spent in Learning Support Course work in a disciplinary domain shall be cumulative within the University System of Georgia. A transfer Learning Support student may be granted an additional semester if that student was making appropriate progress at the sending institution and is ready for the exit level course at the receiving institution and has not exceeded the allowed number of attempts. Students who have store 30 semester hours or more of college level credit will be allowed to take only the required Learning Support classes. No other classes may be taken. 11. ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONa) Should students find it necessary at any time to see their instructor or the Coordinator of the Learning Support Program for illuminance of any course related or departmental policy, to discuss their progress, or to request additional help, they should feel free to ask for an appointment. b) Any student who is apprised as disabled or who qualifies for special accommodations must provide appropriate evidence of such certification immediately. Any student who intends to request special accommodations for this course because of a learning disability of any kind must immediately declare his or her intention to the college ADA officer Student Center live 212 678-359-5585. Foundations for College Algebra MATH 0989

History of Leadership Theory Essay Example for Free

History of Leadership Theory EssayThe history of draws surmise can assist managers in understanding where the schools of leadership thought have been, and where leadership will be going. The key objective of this paper is to critically examine and contrast the historical leadership model and theories across history. Across the history of leadership, there are similar and divergent strategies that have matched the influence of the market and raft op date of referenceting within the market (or industry). The essay examines the procedures and schema of historical leadership models as they converge or diverge with one another. Roles are the expectations of leadership behavior this is the ideals in which the organization and employees hold to be important in a leader. Strategy can be defined, for the purposes of this paper, as the manner in which the leader assesses and organizes the tasks and requirements of the tasks and behaviours passim the interactions and roles of the le ader or manager. Theories of Leadership The following section explores the historical theories and implications of leadership as pre-classical, classical, modern and post-modern leadership models. Pre-ClassicalThe most prominent pre-classical models of leadership were in the proterozoic Greek history, where early scholars set the value- ground ideals for centuries of leadership and management (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006). Socrates established that the management of private concerns differs from that of public concerns only inmagnitude neither can be carried on without men and those who understand how to employ others are successful directors of private and public concerns, and those who do not understand, will err in the management of some(prenominal) (Wren p 18 2006).This shows the early role of management was to understand the functional variances and magnitude of public concern, thus business was also a political landscape. In later Greek history, Aristotle added to the st rategy spectrum of the manager as relating to the specialization of labor, functional roles of departments, choices between centralization and decentralization, the whole of the organization is superior to the part and, On leadership He who has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander (Wren p 18-192006).Thus the roles of pre-classical era management are relative to the top executive to navigate through a highly political economy and direct the organization to answering public and private concerns (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006). The strategy of the pre-classical era was to recognize the steps involved in the wide scope of the organization based on functionality. This was an effective method of management in the pre-classical era, and can be considered in line with the ideal service industries of the time, such as bath houses, shoe and boot makers, weapons makers, and others.ClassicalAdam Smith showed that the leadership strategy tempered the return or the surplus created as a return to capital (Wren p 42 2006). After Smith, Jean Baptiste Say (17671832) stated that leadership strategy requires knowledge and judgement in the prob sufficient amount of the demand, and the means of its production at one time he must employ a big number of hands at another, buy or order the raw material, collect laborers, find consumers, and give at all times a rigorous attention to order and economy in a word, he must possess the art of superintendence and administration (Wren p 42-43 2006).Thus the leadership role in the classical era is defined as one that is highly dependent on the decision making process, and that the strategy incorporates demand, production, and consumption through the entire market-industry domain. During this era, human history was entering the industrial phase, where industry was overpopulating the market rather than the traditional farmer markets (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006).The classical model recognized the force of a leader as one who mus t focus on value-based decision makings when information is not whole, when the industry and foundation of the economy is changing, and be able to administrate in a changing economy (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006) Modern Modern era leadership evolved through the industrial phase, prompted by engineering science and the early globalizing aspect of the value chain that existed during the post-WW2 era (Martinez and Bitici p 7 2006).The role formulation of leadership in the modern era can be attri neverthelessed to Jennings (196) who showed the modern era of management should encompass the situation, behaviour, and incorporate situation-based theory models. Jennings leader was emphatically described as a hero who acts as though possessed by a destiny that requires his being the center of attention, and having arrived there, he never willingly retires from the center until he feels no longer needed where the strategy requires great stamina, self-reliance, and confidence (Jennings p 96, 1 22, 1960).Max weber initialized the modern strategy of leadership as being A continuous government activity or functions bounded by rules (Enock p 6 2002) That individuals functioned within the limits of the specialisation of the work (Enock p 6 2002) The degree of authority allocated and the rules governing the exercise of Authority (Enock p 6 2002) A hierarchical structure of offices appointment to offices made on the grounds of technical competence only (Enock p 6 2002) The separation of officials from the ownership of the organisation (Enock p 6 2002) The authority was vested in the official positions and not in the personalities that held these posts (Enock p 6 2002) Rules, decisions and actions were formulated and recorded in writing (Enock p 6 2002) The modern era leaders role was to serve the organization, and the strategy employed was hierarchical, top-down management. This was adequate for its time, however, the bureaucratic model of organizational leadership did p etite to promote a value and knowledge based leadership era seen in other theories.Post Modern The post-modern era of leadership is the current theories in place. Entrepreneurial leadership is a formal process that incorporates informal ideas. The leadership qualities are often determined by a number of forces, such as The size of the organization, its predominant management styles, the complexity of its environment, its production process, its problems, and the purpose of its planning system all play a part in determining the bewitch degree of formality (Pearce and Robinson p 13 2004).The effective post-modern leadership strategy focuses on four key points, as outlined by Kouzes and Posner (2002) seize the first step make challenges meaningful innovate and create look outward for fresh ideas. A post-modern leader values entrepreneur ideals and seizes the initiative through enthusiasm, determination and intrust (Kouzes and Posner p 170 2002). The leader wants to exhibit innovatio n by seeking new ways and new opportunities through invention and motivation. The concept of innovation requires that the leader be ready to focus on opportunities for ways to do what has never been done (Kouzes and Posner p 175 2002).Conclusion The pre-classical era focused on the executing of public and private beuaracracy into the leadership domain, where the ideals of the whole and the ability to command were held in the higher regard as traditional utility. The value of the leader was therefore based on the ability to command and conquer. In later classical theories, the value of leadership changed to incorporate decision-making strategy and value distribution over commanding, but the simile to pre-classical is the ability to conquer through administration.The modern eras changed the role of a leader from the earlier theories by incorporating behaviour theory over command and conquer ideals. Webers leadership model parallels Aristotles, in that individual specialization and d ecision based decentralization better served the organization. The post-modern era of leadership incorporates elements from all the historical theories of leadership, but marks the importance of continuous improvement and constant appraisal, communication, and informalities.

SWOT and PESTEL analysis of StratSim

SWOT and PESTEL analysis of StratSimThe StratSim is a growing and wide shell out industry around the global among auto sellers. Notwithstanding the economic and energy instabilities that led to decreased vehicle demand, gross sales r even upues s mooly grew as Gross interior(prenominal) intersections (GDP) increased from period 1- 4, and remained constant in period 5, and inflation rate decreased from 2.5% in period 1 to 1.0% during period 3. However, in some circumstances, sales were increased and/or decreased as firms started making decisions. The 7 competitors were firm A, B, C, D, E, F and G.Seven vehicle classes include Minivan (M), Family (F), Sports (S), Luxury (L), Utility (U) Economy (E), and transport (T). Attributes considered were performance, styling, quality, interior and safety.Furthermore, advertisement plays a signifi messt role especiall(a)y when firms be striving to create blur image, aw arness as well as interests to butt clients. leadships contributed i n generating revenues through sales of a range of vehicles which in turn enabled the firm to increase its merchandise sh are while maximising shareholders wealth. staunch B has had 3 vehicle classes, namely top dog -Truck, Boffo Family and Buzzy Economy.2.0 Strategic abridgmentStrategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which makes advantage in a changing environment through the wasting disease of resources and competence aiming to fulfil shareholder expectations (Johnson et al, cc6, p 9).Figure 1, processes by which strategy is described and executedSourcehttp//www.12manage.com/description-deliberate-strategy.html.In a war-ridden business environment such as StratSim, analysing firms strategies is full of life in prescribe to enhance firm performance and customer satisfaction.2.1 Strategic endFirm Bs mission was to become the attracter in automobile industry worldwide by offering highly innovative vehicles to diverse customer segments ai ming at consistently satisfying their dynamic needs.2.2 Basic StrategyFirm B strategy was to provide high quality vehicles at premium outlay while trying to differentiate its vehicles from incumbents to avoid encouraging price war. By doing so, firm B was the leader twice in economy (Buzzy) car in period 2 and 5. To meet diverse customer tastes and preferences, the firm made minor upgrades to its vehicles during decision making periods, e.g. technology, promotion, advertising, etc.2.3 External AnalysisScanning the macro-environment is vital since there are several factors that hinder firms performance and growth. In hostel for managers to come up with effective and suitable strategies that will enable the firm operate overt and hidden opportunities while overcoming threats, those factors need to be thoroughly tackled before decisions are made.The external analyses considered wereThe Michael Porters five forces.PESTEL analysis.Opportunities and Threats (OT) from SWOT analysis,And Critical Success Factors (CSF).2.3.1 PESTELPESTEL framework is a useful tool that is applied by organisations to analyse the complexity of macro-environment variables. It also provides a picture on how these key factors may influence firms success or failure of its particular strategies in future in order that managers can find ways of overcoming them. PESTEL refers to political, economic, social, technology, environment and legal.Figure 2, PESTEL FrameworkSource (Johnson et al, 2006. p 68)The arrangementPolitical Taxation policy Government stability Social welfare policies Foreign traderegulationsLegal Health and safety Competition law increase safety Employment lawEconomic factors Business cycle Inflation Interest rates Unemployment GNP trends M unityy supply Disposableincomeenvironmental Environmentalprotection laws Waste disposal EnergyconsumptionSociocultural factors PopulationDemographic Socio mobility Consumerism IncomeDistribution Lifestyle careens Level ofEducation Attitu des to workand leisuretechnical Government spending onresearch Speed of technology transfer Newdiscoveries/developments Government and industryfocus on technological effort evaluate of obsolescencePolitical/LegalSince 1960, laws and government regulations have affected the automobile industry (Highfill et al, November, 2004). Political changes may favour or hinder the firms turnout because anti-pollution laws and taxes can be imposed, and hence firm B should continuously pay special caution to whatsoever rules, codes and regulations that dwell on carbon-dioxide emissions.EconomicDuring mannequin, firm B had experienced touch-and-go economic growth. Its variables like inflation, interest rates, accelerator prices, and material costs were fluctuated. These have affected the firms profitability.SocialDue to increased health awareness, people tend to change their lifestyles, while turning to low carbon emission vehicles. Also income distribution and demographic changes both affe ct vehicle production either positively or negatively. applied scienceAdvanced technology has provided both opportunities and threats to the automobile industry. Those who employ it effectively, it enables them to enhance firms efficiency in producing vehicles that appeal to customers whilst lowering costs. So far, internet and firm websites as part of technology have been used by many buyers as a reference tool before making their purchase decisions.EnvironmentalEnvironmentalists melody on minimising carbon-dioxide emissions, noise as well as air pollution, in order to keep the environment clean. This move no doubt affects vehicle production as well as firm profitability.2.3.2 Critical Success Factors (CSF)Johnson et al (2009) defined CSF as those product features that are particularly valued by a group of customers and, therefore, where the organisation must excel to outperform competition. CSF comprises threshold features and differentiators.Source Johnson et al (2009)CRITICAL S UCCESS FACTORS (CSF)THRESHOLD FEATURESDIFFERENTIATORSThreshold featuresThese are features that the customer value mostly, and is not likely to buy a product or service that lacks bingle of them. Firm B, threshold features were quality, performance, safety and size for all of its tercet vehicles family-Boffo, economy-Buzzy and truck-Boss.DifferentiatorsThese are customised/added qualities which some customers may or may not consider before purchasing a service or products. Firm B regarded price, styling and interior as differentiators to its vehicles.Differentiators gave difficult moments when trying to distinguish what was preferred most, as many vehicles were similar to competitors after modifications had been made.Innovations are necessary for firms to meet CSF features and outwit their competitors through customer satisfaction.2.3.3 Porters v Forces ModelThe model was developed by Michael Porter in 1980 (Johnson et al, 2006). Since then, the model is applied by firms as a tool to analyse the profit potential drop while determining the strength of competition (threats) of an industry, and finally coming up with the right strategies that will support in exploiting opportunities, neutralise threats and hence grow.Figure 3 Porters Five Competitive Forces ModelSUPPLIER POWER Switching costs of firms in the industry Presence of substitute inputs Threat of forward integration provider concentration Importance of volume to supplier Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Differentiation of inputs Cost relative to total purchase in industryBARRIERS TO ENTRY Government Policy Capital requirements Access to distribution Economies of scale Switching costs Proprietary learningcurve Access to inputs judge retaliation shuffle identity Absolute costadvantages Proprietary productsBUYER POWER Price sensitivity Threat of backward integration Substitutes operable negotiate leverage Buyer concentration vsindustry Buyer information Buyer volume Buyers incentives Bra nd identity Product differentiationwww.scribd.comDEGREE OF RIVALRY Brand identity Exit barriers Switching costs Product differences Industry growth Fixed cost/ value added Diversity of rivals Industry concentration Corporate adventure Intermittent overcapametropolisRIVALRYTHREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Buyer inclination tosubstitute Switching costs Price-performancetrade-off of substitutesThreat of New EntrantsThe threat of new entrants in automobile industry is low, since barriers to enter are very high, such as high start-up capital required. Moreover, adequate experience curve, distribution access, economies of scale, strong research and development (RD) and even brand and customer loyalty all of which the incumbents have. It therefore becomes difficult for new entrants to manage compared to incumbents.Bargaining role of SuppliersSuppliers power in automobile industry is low, since producing a car/vehicle requires a range of inputs (parts) from diverse suppliers. If some inputs are not available in one source, they will be sought from another(prenominal) supplier due to low switching costs.Threat of SubstitutesSubstitute threats in this industry are likely to be moderate and depend much on customer geographical location. Other customers prefer walking, taking train or riding on a bike. But in Dar es Salaam city for example, people prefer public transport, motorcycles (BAJAJ, known as rickshaw in India) as alternative path to automobile due to increased congestion.Bargaining Power of BuyersIn this industry, buyers power is a bit high. unhopeful switching costs from one firm to another seeking for substitutes since most of the customers are price sensitive. For the eluding of the simulation game we played, most of the products were undifferentiated, so, buyers can easily shift to an alternative stater as well as products when seeking satisfaction.Competitive RivalryThe intensity of competition in automobile industry is high due to lack of strong differentiation strategy and innovation among incumbents, especially in the case of the three vehicle classes, i.e. family, economy and truck, because most of the firms use similar strategies like price this reduces market growth as well as profitability.2.3.4 SWOT- Opportunities and ThreatsOpportunitiesAdvanced technologyFirms can use it more efficiently in enhancing product features that can appeal to the eyes of customers.Also use e-commerce to advertise and sell globally.Bargaining power of suppliers.Low supplier power is an advantage to automobile firms since they can set input prices, and hence be able to savor cost advantages while offering safe(p) quality products that will satisfy customers.European Union (EU)Automobile manufacturers can use the EU to sell their products.DiversificationDiversification can be through to widen the market to other untapped segments like high income earners or go internationally and also locate the firms near raw materials sources where they can enjoy locati on economies.Differentiation strategyIn order to sustain customers, after satisfaction has been met, differentiation strategy can be used as a weapon in delivering a range of added values that surpass those of competitors, since most of the firms use similar strategies.ThreatsBargaining power of buyersStrong bargaining power of buyers associated with low switching costs to alternative products, force suppliers to face an increased competition in order to provide the best that will satisfy their customers.Increased gas pricesGas being one of the operating energy, increased price will affect firms production as well as profitability e.g. in simulation that we played, period 1 $/gal was 3.15 rise to 3.50 in period 5.New lawsNew rules and regulations on carbon-dioxide emissions in environmental protection hinder production of cars that use petrol engines.World economic recessionRecession discourages consumption of luxury goods, and streamlines production while people turn to public tran sports.High competitionInitially, all firms in the StratSim industry were in similar position e.g. pecuniaryly and other resources however, this proved difficult when making decisions on how to create demand in order to enhance market shares as well as profits. Each firm was competing.InflationInflation started to increase in period 4 from 2.0% to 2.5%, this rise affected consumer prices.Fuel price instability.Rapid change in technologyThis poses a threat to vehicle production since other substitutes to vehicles may be produced.2.4 Internal Analysis2.4.1 Resources and CapabilitiesThese are those which will create a strategic fit in order for the firm to survive and prosper even in a competitive business environment.Lucino Noto, (2007, p 125)Analyzing resources and capabilitiesThe interface between strategy and the firmTHE FIRMResources and CapabilitiesGoals and encouragesStructure and SystemSTRATEGYTHE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTCustomersCompetitorssuppliersThe firm-Strategy portThe Envi ronment-Strategy InterfaceResourcesOrganisation resources are divided into two categories (Johnson et al (2009)Tangible ResourcesThese are firms physical assets. Firm B tangible resources wereThree vehicle classes, each of these represents a unique configuration while home runing different customer segments like value seekers, families, singles, high income and enterprisers (the StratSim Case, 2010).Financial resources, at period 0, each firm were given sales amounted to $ 15.5 billions (the StratSim case, 2010).Manpower, firm B had 4 competent human resources who made diverse valuable decisions and hence became twice the leader of economy car (Buzzy).Intangible Resources.These are non-physical resources such as information, reputation and knowledge i.e. intellectual capital. (Johnson et al, 2008). Firm B holds a number of unique competences over its rivals.Firm B capabilities were prime(a).Safety. bring aboutance.Style.Interior.2.4.2 V.R.I.OAre criteria that are used to assess the sustainability of an organisations resources and capability that will enable the firm to achieve durable competitive advantage. V.R.I.O stands for Value, Rarity, Inimitability and Organisation. (Johnson et al, 2008).ValueAs the game started, firm B had full resources and capabilities i.e. unique brand name that facilitated it in formulating and implementing different strategies to meet customer needs. But due to increased market demand, demand exceeded production throughout the periods as the firm lacked efficiency.RarenessAt the beginning, all firms had a similar starting point which led them to have a low degree of rarity. This positioning by StratSim, made firm B to create more appealing strategies like vehicle enhancements and improvements in terms of its attributes which allowed it to come up with things which turned out to be less common among the firms.InimitabilityDuring simulation game, product imitation was very high since previous results and almost all modifications an d other statistics were openly published for other firms to see. This means that competitors could possibly copy other firms techniques.OrganisationIn StratSim industry, there were 7 firms producing identical vehicles, because they used similar strategies that lacked differentiation. Due to these, it therefore became easy for customers to switch from one firm to another if satisfactions were not yet met.2.4.3 SWOT- SWSW is a tool that is used in identifying or analysing firms internal strengths and weaknesses and enables it to use the available strengths to derogate or turned those weaknesses to strengths. SW means Strengths and weaknesses.StrengthsUnique brand name Best Motor Works.Unique product names like Buzzy, Boffo, and Boss.Twice leader of Buzzy-Economy car, period 2 and 5.Reliable dealerships.Innovation, almost every decision period, firm B upgraded its vehicle attributes to meet emerging customer needs.WeaknessesWeak financial position. rocky growth of market shares.Limite d product lines, this means that firm B did not exploit the available opportunities of unsatisfied and potential new customers to launch any new vehicle that would satisfy their needs.3.0 Decisions3.1 TechnologyFirm B upgraded its technology capabilities during decision periods considering dynamic business environment and customer tastes and preferences, while special attention was given to economy (Buzzy) and family (Boffo) cars. Investment in technology facilitated firm B in enhancing its production capacity as well as vehicle attributes that appealed to target customers and hence satisfying their emerging needs (see appendix 2.1)3.2 MarketingFirm Bs marketing conflate was to create leverage with customers and build strong brand loyalty which would enable customers purchase our products even in intense competition as in StratSim industry. Firm Bs unique selling price USP was quality. fictitious character being the key in our vehicle while charging premium price that enabled Buzz y (economy) car to become the leader in period 2 and 5. Despite this success, it was heavily for firm B to survive in just a success of one car brand and become the market leader. Though the marketing mix was thoroughly applied by adding or reducing the number of dealers in each area, increasing dealer discounts and product promotions to attract customers, firm Bs market share was increased and decreased during decisions due to overspending and other factors. (For more marketing and distribution details for period 5, see appendix 2.2 2.3)3.3 FinanceDuring simulation, firm Bs financial performance was somehow weak despite a slight increase in sales ($). Net income was negative during period 2 and 5 results. It was discovered that one of the problems could possibly have been overspending, however, unit market share increased and total debts continued to decrease (Firm B financial and performance summary period 5, see appendix 3.0).3.4 ProductionThroughout all the decision periods, p roduction was increased as well as vehicle attributes to meet customer demand. Though Boss (truck) and Buzzy (economy) vehicles were upgraded in period 4, there were some shortages with regard to Boss vehicle model this means that if the firm was given a incident to continue making decisions, it could probably increase production to meet the demand (see appendix 4.0).4.0 ConclusionFirm Bs mission was to become the leader in automobile industry worldwide by offering highly innovative vehicles to diverse customer segments aiming at consistently satisfying their dynamic needs.Unfortunately, firm B did not meet its expectations. Though it became the leader twice in Buzzy (economy) car, this means that its strategies fit in the economy car brand market, having had success in one vehicle does not guarantee survival, and this is why firm Bs income and market share fluctuated. The firm was not yet pretty sure of what contributed to the unstable financial performance, though the firm specul ated that overspending was one of the major problems.4.1 What I Have LearnedI learned that, in practical business, taking risks is only way to achieve success. In StratSim industry, for each time period, market research had identified some potential new customers whose needs were not yet satisfied by received vehicle (the StratSim case, 2010). But firm B overlooked this market potential to timely take advantage of launching new vehicle models in order to exploit these opportunities and hence increase its turnover and profit margins.5.0 Reference and BibliographyJohnson G, Scholes K, and Whittington R, (2006), Exploring Corporate Strategy,7th Edition, Prentice Hall.Johnson G, Scholes K, and Whittington R, (2009), Exploring Corporate Strategy,Prentice Hall.Highfill D, Baki M, Copus S, Green M, Smith J and Whineland M, (November, 2004). automotive Industry Analysis-GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda, overview of industry analysis, available at http//www.academicmind.com/unpubli shedpapers/business/management/2004-11-000aaa-automotive-industry-analysis.html. Accessed on 19/11/1010.The StratSim Case (2010), Automobile industry.Lucino Noto, (2007), Analysing resources and capabilities the interface between strategy and the firm, available at. http//www.blackwellpublishing.com/grant/files/CSAC05.pdf .Figure , Porters Five ForcesAvailable at www.scribd.com/doc/16998313/Diagram-of-Porters. Accessed on 20/11/2010.6.0 APPENDIXES1. DECISION SUMMARY FIRM B, FOR PERIOD 5Product DevelopmentDevCtrProjectClassStatusSizeHPIntStySafQuaCurrExp1BuzzyEconomyupgrlaunch Now101202222$2752BossTruckupgrlaunch Now702003322$2753(unused) jibe (mill.)$551Consumer Marketing compute(mill.) Regional Corp. Adv.$48 coach Mail$6Public Relations$12 Total$66Direct Mail Targets Value Seekers(1), Families(2), High Income(4), Enterprisers(5)Product MarketingfomitePlatformMSRP DealerDisc. Adv. (mill.)Adv.ThemePromo.(mill.) BoffoNo Change$20,40015.0%$34Safety$29BossUpgraded$20,49913.0%$28Perform$ 15BuzzyUpgraded$11,55012.0%$33Quality$20Total$95$64Plant CapacityCurrent Capacity (000s)1,350Capacity Change (000s)0Vehicle ProductionVehiclePreviousSales (000s) Current Inventory(000s) ScheduledProduction(000s) FlexibleProductionRetoolingCosts (mill.) Boffo64625671X$0Boss200*13213X$80Buzzy298*109345X$123Total1,1441471,229$203*Vehicle being upgraded this inventory will be written off. Be sure to produce enough to match forecast.DealershipsNorthSouthEastWestTotalDealer Inc./Dec.109111242Training and harbor (mill.)$34FinancingAmount($ mill.)Bonds Issued$0Stock Issued$0Dividends Paid$100StratSim Indind1 Firmb plosive speech sound 42. RESULTS FOR PERIOD 52.1 Technology Capabilities Period 5Firm Ratings (1=low capability)Dev. CentersInteriorStylingSafetyQualityMax. Feasible511121112Firm A34647Firm B34657Firm C24766Firm D24656Firm E26868Firm F24646Firm G35879Tech DimConsiderationsInteriorflexibility of cargo spaceStylinggeneral curb appeal, styling, handling, finishSafetystructural desi gn, braking system, safety featuresQualityoverall reliability, durability, consistency of productsStratSim Indind1 FirmbPeriod 52.2 Marketing Detail Period 5ConsumerBudget(mill.)Company Owned/FleetBudget(mill.)Regional Corp. Adv.$48Direct Sales Force$0Direct Mail$6Direct Mail$0Public Relations$12Total$66Total$0VehicleVal MktShareMSRPDealerDisc.Avg SellPriceAdv.(mill.)Adv.ThemePromo.(mill.)DaysInv.Buzzy2.4%$11,55012.0%$10,572$33Quality$2018Boffo9.4%$20,40015.0%$18,749$34Safety$290Boss3.2%$20,49913.0%$19,859$28Perform$150Total$95$64StratSim Indind1 FirmbPeriod 52.3 Distribution Detail Period 5NorthSouthEastWestTotalFull Coverage200250150200800Established Dealers137137133133540Coverage69%55%89%67%68%Planned Openings109111242Support/Dealer (000s)$150.6$150.6$153.2$153.2$151.9Units/Dealer2,1872,2842,3892,7562,401Sales/Dealer (mill.)$36.9$38.9$40.2$46.3$40.5Service/Dealer (mill.)$1.4$1.5$1.6$1.7$1.5Gross/Dealer (mill.)$3.3$3.6$3.6$4.1$3.7Dealer Rating5960606160StratSim Indind1 FirmbPeri od 52.4 Product Contribution Period 5Firm B Product ContributionVehicleUnits (000s)DealerSales (mill.) DirectSales (mill.) COGS(mill.)Gross Margin(mill.) Adv Promo(mills.)After Mkting(mill.) Boffo734$12721$0$9797$2924$63$2861Boss234$4179$0

Malnutrition and Nutrition Programs in Malaysia

Mal comestible and Nutrition Programs in MalaysiaContents (Jump to)CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 2 BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIACHAPTER 3 CURRENT MALNUTRITION interjection PROGRAMMES-The stations, strategy and evaluation3.1 Breastfeeding program3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children3.3 separate Main Nutrition Intervention ProgramsCHAPTER 4 DISCUSSIONTo comp are with the developed countriesCHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONCHAPTER 7 REFERRENCECHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONMalnutrition in all its forms is defined as all forms of short(p) nutrition. It relates to imbalances in nothing, and specific macro and micronutrients- as puff up as in dietary patterns. Conventionally, the emphasis has been in relation to inadequacy, but it in addition applies to excess intake or inappropriate dietary patterns. It is a unsubtle term commonly used as alternative to infra-nutrition but technically it also refers over-nutrition. Child malnutrition was associated with 54% of child death (10.8 mi llion children) in ontogenesis countries in 2001, although is it rarely the direct cause of death.Undernutrition is the direct result of inadequate dietary intake, the presence of disease, or the interaction of these two factors. The risk of dying from a disease as twice as high gear for mildly malnourished children, 5 multiplication as high for those moderately malnourished and 8 times greater for children classified as severe malnourished when compared to normal children (UNICEF 1996). Underlying causes for malnutrition are varied. Infections among children, including helminthiasis can contribute to malnutrition, manifested as anaemia, stunting and/or impaired puerility development. Recurrent sickness and diarrhoea among infants who are not breastfed can result in malnutrition and eventually impact their normal growth and development. Tuberculosis among young peck and adults is linked to poor nutrition. On the other hand, dietary patterns are shifting from traditional diets to diets in which predominantly processed foods are consumed. These foods are of limited nutritionary quality, in many cases rich in saturated fats, sugar and salt.While the burden of undernutrition among children and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adults continue to be study nutritionary concerns in many parts of Asia, the burden of overweight and fleshiness is becoming change magnitudely widespread in the region (Khor 2008). Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation that present a risk of health. They are associated with non-communicable diseases such as stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain form of cancer.Apart from that, recent research showed that undernutrition during proto(prenominal) life can later lead to overweight or obesity by trace energy conservation mechanism in the body that can persist into adulthood. Severe nutritional deprivation in fetal and early post-natal period followed by a rapid catch-up growth in early childhood is now known to increase the risk of overweight and obesity (Florentino 2014). WHO (2008) estimates more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight which over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. Overall, more than 10% of the worlds adult population was obese. The world-wide prevalence of overweight and obesity in children periodd five to 19 years is 10% (Kipping et al. 2008). It was also inform that worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children increased from 4.2% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010 and the prevalence in Asia is 4.9%, with the number of affected children was about 18 million and this flair is expected to reach 9.1%, or 60 million, in 2020 (Onis et al. 2010).CHAPTER 2 BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIAFrom the period before and after several years of independence, Malaysia was an underdeveloped country with high rate of destitution and hunger. Poverty is closely associated with limit ed access to healthy food and poor access to health care leading to problems such as undernutrition and other link up illnesses.Recent National wellness and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) IV has revealed that the prevalence of scraggy and wasting for children aged below 18 years is 16.1 and 17.8% respectively and it was reported 6.1% children were obese. piece of work by Poh et al. (2013) among children 6 months to 12 years showed that the prevalence of overweight (98 %) and obesity (118 %) was higher than that of thinness (54 %) and stunting (84 %). It would appear that the results of the NHMS 2011 indicated a higher prevalence of undernutrition than that of overnutrition, firearm Poh et al. (2013) reported the opposite was true. It may be due to different cut-off point as NHMS using CDC (2000) while Poh et al. (2013) using WHO growth chart or could be due to the different sampling protocol. We can conclude that Malaysia still shows higher prevalence of undernutrition and at the kin dred time increasing trend of overweight and obesity.Developing countries including Malaysia are in a state of rapid economic variation as a result of generally improving incomes, increasing industrialization, urbanization and globalization. This has condition full to changing lifestyle and diet from one with high level physical of activity and diets ground mostly on plant food, to one with higher level of sedentary lifestyle and diet of increasing energy based such as high carbohydrate, high sugar and high in fat. The excess energy from these foods may affect adult and children inside the family differently. For instance, young children may easily use up the excess energy and still be stunted while adults may end up gaining weight. These changes in consumption and physical activity lead to uprising prevalence of overweight and obesity especially in adults consequently increasing in NCD.The changes in socio-economic developments over the years in Malaysia have brought an improv ement in the overall nutritional posture of the country. However, pockets of malnutrition still exist, particularly among the rural parts. Therefore, Malaysia now has to face double burden of malnutrition (DBM) as the new trend emerge in.CHAPTER 3 CURRENT MALNUTRITION INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES-The aims, strategy and evaluationThe aim of nutrition program is to plan, enforce and develop nutrition services to achieve and maintain the nutritional benefit of the population and promote healthy eating practices. The program aims to monitor and evaluate the nutritional status of Malaysian population and assist in nutritional surveillance. It also to plan, implement and evaluate the nutrition health programs, activities and promotion.Nutrition interventions to improve the nutritional well-being of the Malaysian population have been implemented by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with other ministries. The programs and activities that have been carried out include alleviation of mac ronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies, nutrition promotion and improving sept food security.3.1 Breastfeeding programMalaysia has outlined a a couple of(prenominal) strategies in order to combat malnutrition in children and insipids. It starts from birth of the baby by promoting soap breastfeeding up to six months of age as according to National Breastfeeding Policy. The aim is to ensure the baby get the benefits and nutrient from breast milk. Study shows that breastfeeding is protective against infections and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and this effect is stronger when breastfeeding is exclusive (Fern R. Hauck 2011).In 1993, the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia choose the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). This initiative aims to increase breastfeeding among all women in Malaysia in line with the WHO recommendation of at least six months of exclusive breastfeeding, to empower women to make right choices on feeding their babies and to create condu cive conditions in hospital and thitherafter for women who wish to breastfeed.In addition, MOH initiated Baby Friendly Clinic show in 2006 targeting health clinics and rural clinics in Malaysia. It aims to encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies exclusively from birth up to the first six months and continue until two years old.Study by Tan (2011) showed the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with infants aged between one and six months was 43.1% (95% CI 39.4, 46.8). Prevalence of timely entry was 63.7% (CI 61.4 65.9) and the continued prevalence of breastfeeding up to two years was 37.4% (CI 32.9 42.2) (Fatimah Jr et al. 2010). The findings suggest that the programmes implemented in the last ten years were effective in improving the prevalence of ever breastfeeding, timely initiation of breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding up to two years3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished ChildrenThe main macronutrient deficiency problem among Malaysian childr en is protein and energy malnutrition. This is manifested in children of being underweight for their age. Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children, better known as Food Basket Program has been started by Ministry of Health in 1989 as an effort political relation to increase the health and nutritional status among children under 6 years old (Ministry of Health 2009). In these program children that fulfilled the criteria will be granted food basket to help them have a balanced and nutritious diet so that they could have optimum physical and mental growth. The children were also given close attention and appropriate treatment on any sickness, health education and proper health care.The criteria for eligibility are children aged between 6 months to 6 years old who are severe underweight (weight-for-age less than -3SD of the median) or moderate underweight (weight-for-age between -2SD and -3SD) and from hardcore poor families (household income less than RM430 or RM110 per capit a for peninsular Malaysia less than RM540 or RM115 per capita for Sabah and less than RM520 or RM115 per capita for Sarawak).The objectives of the programme are to improve health and nutritional status done food and micronutrient postscriptation, to improve health by provision of sanitary facilities and clean water supply and to improve health through providing education on health and nutrition.They are given foods and multivitamin supplement every month until they are recovered, with the minimum period if six months of supplements. The basic food items include rice, wheat flour, anchovies, cooking oil, dry green bean, biscuits and full choice milk. These food supply approximately 102% to 140% of the childs Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for calorie and 204% to 222% RDA for protein. There were 13 choices of food basket available to subordinate children for an estimated price of RM150 for each basket. The number of recipient for this programme has decreased since it began, fro m 12,690 children in 1989 to 5157 in 2009 (Ministry of Health 2011).In 2010, under the National Key Results Areas (NKRA), this programme was all-inclusive to the poor and vulnerable poor family (household income less than RM2000 a month) through the 1Azam Programme. Meanwhile, in 2012, under the Government Transformation Programme, this programme was also extended to the natives in Perak, Pahang and Kelantan through the Community Feeding Programme (PCF) and the provision of food baskets (PEMANDU 2012).3.3 Other Main Nutrition Intervention ProgramsFull cream milk powder is distributed through the maternal(p) and Child Health Clinics to underweight children aged 6 months to 7 years, pregnant women who have not gained adequate weight, and low income lactating mothers with multiple births. One kg of milk powder for each underweight child is given per month for 3 consecutive months, after which each case is reviewed and supplementation is continued if necessary.The take supplemental F eeding Program (SSFP) of the Ministry of Education provides a free meal to primary schoolchildren from poor families. Each meal is estimated to provide one-quarter to one-third of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for energy and protein. The main objective of SSFP is to improve the health and nutritional status of children, especially those from the rural areas, through a provision of a wholesome and balanced meal. Other objectives are to improve health and food habits and to prevent the occurrence of malnutrition among school children, to educate children on food selection, to encourage the participation of parents, teachers and public in the benefit of the school and to strengthen health and nutrition programs in schools.The Ministry of Education also provides milk in 200-mL packages to primary schoolchildren. The School Milk Programme (SMP) runs simultaneously with the Supplementary Food Scheme. The programme is targeted for poor students whose family income is below the po verty level. Besides, to ensure students receive a well-balanced diet in school, the programme is also aimed at increasing the quality of health and nutritional value of food for primary students for better physical growth, mental health and general well-being. The SMP also encourages students to consume milk early in their life. In 2010, this programme has been rebranded to 1Malaysia Milk Programme.CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSIONMany developed and exploitation countries showing reducing trend of undernutrition but increasing trend of overweight and obesity. However, rising in overweight is not necessarily associated with a fall of underweight or stunting. Developed countries mainly facing overnutrition problems and the focus of nutritional programme is to combat overweight and obesity especially among children as it becoming one of the most significant challenges in public health.However, in most developing countries especially in Malaysia, we can still see higher prevalence of underweight a nd stunting especially among children but with gradual decreasing trend. With the ongoing socio-economic transition in Malaysia, accompanied by the demographic and health transition and changing food supply and consumption patterns, overweight and obesity especially among adult and adolescent has becoming a public health epidemic. Increasing trend of obesity among adult and with high prevalence of underweight among children gives rise to DBM phenomenon and this phenomenon affects many developing countries.The co-existence of under and overnutrition not only occurred within the country as a whole, but also within households. Study by Ihab et al. (2013) among sample in rural area found that the prevalence of overweight mother/underweight child (OWM/UWC) pairs was 29.6%, whereas the prevalence of normal weight mother/normal weight child (NWM/NWC) pairs was 15.2%. A household with an underweight child and an overweight or obese adult is the typical dual burden household for developing c ountries undergoing rapid transitions. This phenomenon will be a big challenge especially for food intervention programs to be implemented in the future. Undernutrition affects physical and mental health and performance throughout the lifespan, while overnutrition gives rise to an increasing rate of chronic diseases occurring at earlier and earlier ages.Though known interventions exist for undernutrition and overweight/obesity independently, clear, evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of DBM have not just emerged. Thus, new and innovative strategies will be required to counter the rise of the DBM in Malaysia. Collaboration across sectors, accompanied by an effective coordination mechanism, should join the efforts of those within and outside the nutrition community to address the DBM. Improving country-level capacity to coordinate nutrition actions is critical. Countries with both child stunting and womens obesity rarely implement comprehensive interventions, and in 201 0 only one quarter of countries with the DBM had coordination mechanisms to address both problems (WHO 2013).Current nutrition interventional programmes should be continued and at the same time there is an urgent need to come out with new strategies to tackle both side of malnutrition. Country need to engage and coordinate new stakeholders, combining multi-sectoral and intersectoral approaches, including spicy private sector to address the complexity of issues related to the reduction of DBM.CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONThe emergence of DBM is a relatively new phenomenon and is most prevalent in middle income countries including Malaysia. Low income countries and high income countries are less common to have DBM as low income countries tend to have higher prevalence of underweight while high income countries tend to have higher prevalence of overweight. In order to solve the newly emerging nutrition problems in a new context requires continuous and strong effort in health and nutrition prom otion. 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